What does eczema mean

To many people, the terms "eczema" and "atopic dermatitis" mean the same thing. Some people who have eczema scratch their skin so much it becomes thick, darker, and almost leathery in texture called lichenification.

Doctors don't know exactly what causes eczema, but they think it could be a difference in the way a person's immune system reacts to things. Skin allergies may be involved in some forms of eczema.

Many people with eczema have family members with the condition. Experts think it passes from parents to kids through the genes. Eczema is fairly common. People with eczema also may have asthma and some types of allergies, such as hay fever. Eczema, asthma, and hay fever are known as "atopic" conditions. These affect people who are overly sensitive to allergens in the environment. For some, food allergies may bring these on or make them worse.

For others, allergies to animal dander, dust, pollen or other things might be the triggers. There is no specific test used to diagnose eczema.

A doctor will look at the rash and ask about your symptoms and past health, as well as your family's health. If you or your family members have any atopic conditions, that's an important clue. The doctor will want to rule out other conditions that can cause skin inflammation. The doctor might recommend that you see a dermatologist or an allergist. If someone has severe eczema, ultraviolet light therapy can help clear up the condition.

Newer medicines that change the way the skin's immune system reacts also may help. If you live with eczema, tune in to what triggers it and how to manage it. The cause of eczema is not fully understood. Eczema is sometimes caused by an abnormal response to proteins that are part of the body. Normally, the immune system ignores proteins that are part of the human body and attacks only the proteins of invaders, such as bacteria or viruses. In eczema, the immune system loses the ability to tell the difference between the two, which causes inflammation.

An eczema flare-up is when one or more eczema symptoms appear on the skin. Common triggers of eczema flare-ups include:. Eczema is more common in children who suffer from asthma or hay fever , or adults who develop these conditions later, usually before the age of If your doctor has seen the condition before, they may be able to recognize it by looking at your symptoms. A patch test can pinpoint certain allergens that trigger symptoms, like skin allergies associated with contact dermatitis a type of eczema.

A dermatologist, allergist, or primary care doctor can help you identify the correct treatment for eczema. You may also find it helpful to combine more than one treatment. Oral over-the-counter OTC antihistamines may relieve itching. They work by blocking histamine, which triggers allergic reactions.

Examples include:. Cortisone steroid creams and ointments can relieve itching and scaling. But they can have side effects after long-term use, which include:.

Low-potency steroids, like hydrocortisone , are available over the counter. In severe cases, a doctor may prescribe oral corticosteroids. These can cause serious side effects, including bone loss. Immunosuppressants are prescription medications that prevent the immune system from overreacting. This prevents flare-ups of eczema. Side effects include an increased risk of developing cancer, infection, high blood pressure, and kidney disease. Light therapy, or phototherapy, uses ultraviolet light or sunlamps to help prevent immune system responses that trigger eczema.

It requires a series of treatments, and can help reduce or clear up eczema. It can also prevent bacterial skin infections. A cold compress can help alleviate itching, as can soaking for 15 to 20 minutes in a warm or lukewarm bath. Alternative treatments may help calm the symptoms of eczema.

Because of potential side effects, always check with your doctor before using an herbal supplement or beginning an exercise routine.

Popular home remedies include:. Lifestyle changes such as stress reduction and improved sleep can reduce the likelihood of an eczema flare-up. Avoid irritants, like rough fabrics, harsh soaps, and detergents.

Cold weather can also dry out the skin and trigger flare-ups. People with atopic dermatitis should avoid scratching. To prevent breaking the skin, it can help to rub rather than scratch the areas that are itchy. Because dry skin can trigger an eczema flare-up, a dermatologist can recommend an ointment- or cream-based moisturizer that will help soothe your skin. Transfer of a Grant. Grant Closeout. Cancer Training at NCI. Resources for Trainees.

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